Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe, 2021 data

In total, 16 countries reported data to CAESAR, while 29 countries, including all of those in the European Union (EU) and two from the European Economic Area (EEA) (Iceland and Norway), reported data to EARS-Net. While the EARS-Net and CAESAR networks use comparable methods for data collection and analysis, the results presented in this executive summary originate from distinct country surveillance systems. As these inherently are influenced by specific protocols and practices, caution is advised when comparing countries in terms of AMR patterns.