Local transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present

Dengue is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is established in a large part of Europe. Aedes aegypti is established notably in Cyprus, around the Black sea and in the outermost region (OR) of Madeira. 

Dengue is not endemic in mainland EU/EEA and the vast majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of mainland EU/EEA. When the environmental conditions are favourable, in areas where the competent vectors are established, viraemic travel-related cases may generate a local transmission of the virus, as demonstrated by the sporadic events of dengue virus transmission since 2010.

The table and map below illustrate the dengue situation in mainland EU/EEA, excluding the EU ORs. Historically, dengue has been endemic in the French ORs (i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, La Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte and Saint-Martin). Additionally, Madeira, an autonomous region of Portugal, experienced a major dengue outbreak in 2012. For the other ORs (the Azores, the Canary Islands), no dengue cases were reported. 

YearCountryDepartment or regions affectedNumber of autochthonous casesProbable period of virus circulationReferences
2010CroatiaKorčula Island and the Pelješac peninsula10August–October[1-3]
2010FranceAlpes-Maritimes department2August–September[4-6]
2013FranceBouches–du-Rhône department1September-October[6,7]
2014FranceVar and Bouches-du-Rhône departments4July-September[6,8]
2015FranceGard department8July–September [6,9,10]
2018FranceAlpes Maritimes, Hérault, and Gard departments8September–October[6,11]
2018SpainCatalonia region, Murcia region or province of Cádiz6August-October[11-13]
2019SpainCatalonia region1September[14,15]
2019FranceAlpes-Maritimes and Rhône departments9July-September[15-17]
2020FranceHérault, Var, Alpes-Maritime, and Gard departments13July-October[18-20]
2020ItalyVeneto region10August[21]
2021FranceVar and Hérault departments2July and September[22,23]
2022FrancePyrénées-Orientales, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, Tarn et Garonne, Var, Alpes-Maritimes and Corse-du-Sud departments65June- September[24,25]
2022SpainIbiza6August-October[26]
2023France

Val-de-Marne (3 cases), 

Bouches–du-Rhône (14 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales (11 cases), Hérault (3 cases), Gard (9 cases), Alpes-Maritimes (3 cases) and Drôme (2 cases) departments

45July-October[27-29]
2023ItalyLodi (41 cases), Rome (38 cases in the Rome metropolitan city and 1 case in Anzio) and Latina (2 cases) provinces82End of July-November[30-32]
2023SpainCatalonia region (3 cases)3August-October[33,34]
2024FranceAlpes-Maritimes (19 cases in 3 clusters), Drôme (2 cases), Hérault (3 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales or Lozère (2 cases), Vaucluse (18 cases), Var (38 cases in 2 clusters) departments82Mid-June - September[35-37]
2024ItalyAbruzzo (9 cases), Emilia-Romagna (36 cases), Lombardy (12 cases), the Marches (139 cases), Tuscany (2 cases), Veneto (1 case) regions*199August-September[43]
2024SpainCatalonia region (Tarragona province)8August-September[43,44]

*Total case numbers for 2024 were only provided at the NUTS2 level. One case was reported without a place of infection and is therefore not mentioned. 

The table combines information published in official reports and in the scientific literature plus information that was provided by the public health institutes and/or the ministries of health in the affected Member States. Only infections acquired through the bites of an infected mosquito are included in the table.

 

Local transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present

Local transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present

References

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  2. Kurolt IC, Betica-Radic L, Dakovic-Rode O, Franco L, Zelena H, Tenorio A, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):E163-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279586
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  22. Santé publique France, Agence régionale de santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ARS PACA). Démoustication et surveillance renforcée après la détection d’un cas autochtone de dengue. 29 July 2021. Marseille: ARS PACA.
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  26. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Agrupación de casos de dengue autóctono en Ibiza [Cluster of autochthonous dengue cases in Ibiza]; 28 Februry 2023. Madrid. Available at: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/docs/20230228_ERR_Dengue_autoctono.pdf
  27. Agence Régionale de Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (ARS PACA). Bouches-du-Rhône : démoustication et surveillance renforcée après la détection de deux cas autochtones de dengue [in French: Bouches-du-Rhône: mosquito control and enhanced surveillance after the detection of two autochthonous cases of dengue fever]. Marseille: ARS PACA; 2023. Available at: https://www.paca.ars.sante.fr/bouches-du-rhone-demoustication-et-surveillance-renforcee-apres-la-detection-de-deux-cas
  28. Agence Régionale de Santé Île-de-France. Lutte anti-vectorielle : l’ARS confirme un 1er cas autochtone de dengue en Île-de-France et engage deux actions de démoustication à Limeil-Brévannes (94) [in French: Vector control: the ARS confirms a 1st autochthonous case of dengue fever in Île-de-France and initiates two mosquito control actions in Limeil-Brévannes (94)]; 17 October. Saint-Denis: ARS Île-de-France; 2023. Available at: https://www.iledefrance.ars.sante.fr/lutte-anti-vectorielle-lars-confirme-un-1er-cas-autochtone-de-dengue-en-ile-de-france-et-engage
  29. Santé publique France. Chikungunya, dengue et zika - Données de la surveillance renforcée en France métropolitaine en 2023. Saint-Maurice: SPF; 2023. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya/articles/donnees-en-france-metropolitaine/chikungunya-dengue-et-zika-donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2023
  30. Regione Lombardia. Virus Dengue, identificato in provincia di Lodi primo caso lombardo [in Italian: Dengue virus, first Lombard case identified in the province of Lodi]. 2023. Available at: https://www.lombardianotizie.online/virus-dengue-lodi/
  31. Regione Lombardia. Dengue virus, in Castiglione d'Adda (Lodi) identified 2 more cases [In Italian: Dengue virus, in Castiglione d'Adda (Lodi) identified 2 more cases], 24 August. 2023. Available at: https://www.lombardianotizie.online/virus-dengue/
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  33. Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña (ASPCAT). Nota informativa: Actualización de la situación del dengue en Cataluña [In Spanish: Informative note: Update on the dengue situation in Catalonia], 2023. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/actualitzacio-dengue-catalunya
  34. Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña (ASPCAT). Actualització nota informativa del dengue [In Spanish: Dengue information note update], 2023. Available at: https://salutpublica.gencat.cat/ca/detalls/Article/271023-dengue
  35. Agence régionale de santé Occitanie. Un cas autochtone de dengue signalé à Montpellier-Pérols : des actions préventives déployées dans le quartier de Port Marianne à Montpellier et à proximité du Parc des expositions à Pérols. 2024.
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  39. Servizio Sanitario Regionale Emilia-Romagna. Caso di Dengue, la persona è in buone condizioni di salute [in Italian: Dengue case, person is in good health]. 2024. Available at: https://www.ausl.mo.it/caso-di-dengue-la-persona-e-in-buone-condizioni-di-salute/
  40. Comune di Rapolano Terme. Ordinanza contengibile ed urgente in merito ad emergenza sanitaria dovuta al virus Dengue [In Italian: Containable and urgent ordinance regarding the health emergency due to the Dengue virus]. 2024. Available at: https://www.comune.rapolanoterme.si.it/notizie/ORDINANZA-CONTENGIBILE-ED-URGENTE-IN-MERITO-AD-EMERGENZA-SANITARIA-DOVUTA-AL-VIRUS-DENGUE-TRASMESSO-DALLA-ZANZARA-TIGRE--.html
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  42. Regione Marche. Aggiornamento sui casi di Dengue nelle Marche: confermata dal Ministero l'efficacia delle misure adottate [In Italian: Update on dengue cases in Marche: the effectiveness of the measures adopted confirmed by the Ministry]. 2024. Available at: https://www.regione.marche.it/News-ed-Eventi/Post/105345/Aggiornamento-sui-casi-di-Dengue-nelle-Marche-confermata-dal-Ministero-l-efficacia-delle-misure-adottate
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