Local transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present
Dengue is an Aedes-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, the virus is predominantly transmitted by the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is established in a large part of Europe. Aedes aegypti is established notably in Cyprus, around the Black sea and in the outermost region (OR) of Madeira.
Dengue is not endemic in mainland EU/EEA and the vast majority of the cases are travellers infected outside of mainland EU/EEA. When the environmental conditions are favourable, in areas where the competent vectors are established, viraemic travel-related cases may generate a local transmission of the virus, as demonstrated by the sporadic events of dengue virus transmission since 2010.
The table and map below illustrate the dengue situation in mainland EU/EEA, excluding the EU ORs. Historically, dengue has been endemic in the French ORs (i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, La Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte and Saint-Martin). Additionally, Madeira, an autonomous region of Portugal, experienced a major dengue outbreak in 2012. For the other ORs (the Azores, the Canary Islands), no dengue cases were reported.
Year | Country | Department or regions affected | Number of autochthonous cases | Probable period of virus circulation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | Croatia | Korčula Island and the Pelješac peninsula | 10 | August–October | [1-3] |
2010 | France | Alpes-Maritimes department | 2 | August–September | [4-6] |
2013 | France | Bouches–du-Rhône department | 1 | September-October | [6,7] |
2014 | France | Var and Bouches-du-Rhône departments | 4 | July-September | [6,8] |
2015 | France | Gard department | 8 | July–September | [6,9,10] |
2018 | France | Alpes Maritimes, Hérault, and Gard departments | 8 | September–October | [6,11] |
2018 | Spain | Catalonia region, Murcia region or province of Cádiz | 6 | August-October | [11-13] |
2019 | Spain | Catalonia region | 1 | September | [14,15] |
2019 | France | Alpes-Maritimes and Rhône departments | 9 | July-September | [15-17] |
2020 | France | Hérault, Var, Alpes-Maritime, and Gard departments | 13 | July-October | [18-20] |
2020 | Italy | Veneto region | 10 | August | [21] |
2021 | France | Var and Hérault departments | 2 | July and September | [22,23] |
2022 | France | Pyrénées-Orientales, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, Tarn et Garonne, Var, Alpes-Maritimes and Corse-du-Sud departments | 65 | June- September | [24,25] |
2022 | Spain | Ibiza | 6 | August-October | [26] |
2023 | France | Val-de-Marne (3 cases), Bouches–du-Rhône (14 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales (11 cases), Hérault (3 cases), Gard (9 cases), Alpes-Maritimes (3 cases) and Drôme (2 cases) departments | 45 | July-October | [27-29] |
2023 | Italy | Lodi (41 cases), Rome (38 cases in the Rome metropolitan city and 1 case in Anzio) and Latina (2 cases) provinces | 82 | End of July-November | [30-32] |
2023 | Spain | Catalonia region (3 cases) | 3 | August-October | [33,34] |
2024 | France | Alpes-Maritimes (19 cases in 3 clusters), Drôme (2 cases), Hérault (3 cases in 2 clusters), Pyrénées-Orientales or Lozère (2 cases), Vaucluse (18 cases), Var (38 cases in 2 clusters) departments | 82 | Mid-June - September | [35-37] |
2024 | Italy | Abruzzo (9 cases), Emilia-Romagna (36 cases), Lombardy (12 cases), the Marches (139 cases), Tuscany (2 cases), Veneto (1 case) regions* | 199 | August-September | [43] |
2024 | Spain | Catalonia region (Tarragona province) | 8 | August-September | [43,44] |
*Total case numbers for 2024 were only provided at the NUTS2 level. One case was reported without a place of infection and is therefore not mentioned.
The table combines information published in official reports and in the scientific literature plus information that was provided by the public health institutes and/or the ministries of health in the affected Member States. Only infections acquired through the bites of an infected mosquito are included in the table.
Local transmission of dengue virus in mainland EU/EEA, 2010-present
References
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- Kurolt IC, Betica-Radic L, Dakovic-Rode O, Franco L, Zelena H, Tenorio A, et al. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Mar;19(3):E163-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279586
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